The Theory Of Psychology And Psychology - 1507 Words

Like any field in history, there has always been periods where theoretical foundations are built. The same can be said for psychology. This field has evolved greatly to be considered a science. Psychology has to go through similar process like hard sciences did before it. Psychology has to become widely acceptable by the public, not that psychology hasn’t earned the right to be called a Science with a capital† S†. As we advance throughout time psychology, is trying to grow into a â€Å"P† that is inclusive to all forms and perspectives of psychology and as the people that are involved from the psychologist, psychiatrist and the patients themselves. American Psychology went from being in the back to becoming the forefront of the field. What must be acknowledged is the disparities between white western psychology and people of color whether they are psychologist, researchers or patients. The journal article Liberating History: The Context of the Challenge of P sychologists of Color to American Psychology by Wade E. Pickren he details the fight for people of color to be recognized in psychology as phycologist and â€Å"human† patients during the 20s-century people of color were recognized as being savages and intellectually unfit under the framework of eugenics and scientific racism with in western psychology. In this journal article Pickren bring sup in the factor of identity within psychology and it being one of the major factors that challenged western psychology in America. For soShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology859 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout long history of psychology, there are many brilliant and remarkable psychologists who grew psychology longing as 21st century, today. They have contributed many theories, ideas, and experiments that made study of human mind and behavior much more noble and interesting. As psychology grow older and older, there are many different types of branches that were created, such as psychoanalysis, behavior, cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental. 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Wundt used controlled experiments to investigate the mind by using a method called introspection which examined an individual’s mental state to gain an understanding of how our mind works. This approach became known as Structuralism, deals with the study of the conscious mind, with the idea that the conscious mind can be broken down into basicRead MorePsychology Theories And Theories Of Psychology984 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and beliefs about where psychopathology originates from, that is the beauty of psychology. We can have different views that match or mismatch-specific clients and the services they are seeking, but each approach is beneficial one way or the other. To me, psychopathology originates from our thoughts. The causes of human suffering are problematic thoughts or beliefs. Our thoughts play such an important role in our behaviors and actions. If we have a problem atic thought, this

Pyschological Development and Learning Positivity - 871 Words

C.B. is a 82 year old white female that lives alone in San Antonio, Tx. She was born and raised in San Antonio, Tx and she is the youngest of two sisters. C.B. was raised only by her mother, because her father died when she was only 18 months old. She loved going to school and was very involved in high school. C.B. was in the pep squad, school newspaper, and was the assistant editor her senior year of high school. After graduating from high school C.B. went to school to be a certified public accountant and then worked as one for twenty years, and happy at this job. As time moved on she wanted a little more out of her job and decided to go back to school to be a RN. She worked as an RN at Methodist Children’s Hospital for an additional†¦show more content†¦Although, as C.B. grows older she is afraid of not being as agile as she once was. She also is afraid of not being able to take care of herself, and is afraid of losing her own thoughts and her body. One of the ma in things C.B. wants to be to accept help when needed and have the ability to recognize that she needs help. C.B. states that she feels like she has a long time prior to having someone help take care of her, and she hopes it will continue to be that way. Eric Erikson’s last stage of development is ego integrity vs. despair. Erikson’s theory is â€Å"Integrity [that] is built on morality and ethics (Varcarolis, Carson Shoemaker, 2006).† C.B. looks at her life as it is still in progress, and that she isnt at the end of her lifetime. Throughout the interview she did talk about her past, but she also talked about what lies in the future still. When C.B. looks back at her childhood she is using ordinary remembering, for example, when she talks about how her mother raised three children on her own, and didnt allow any of them to work while in school. On the other hand, when C.B. talks about how many children and families she helped during her time as a RN and looks at it as a Life Review and how her career helped her feel accomplished and complete. The memories from her childhood are just that memories, C.B. remembers things that happened but doesnt feel any self worth from them. Although, when she thinks about her career as a Pediatric Nurse C.B. feels

The Forbidden Game The Kill Chapter 7 Free Essays

Gebo, she thought, one flash of coherence, of memory, just before her head slid under the water. Gebo, the rune of sacrifice. Oh, Tom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Kill Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dying was painless-but sad. It hurt to think of the people she was leaving behind. She kept picturing her parents, imagining what they would say when Dee and the others got home and told them. If Dee and the others got home and told them. Her thoughts were very scattered, like dandelion fluff blowing erratically on the wind. Mr. and Mrs. Parker-Pearson-Summer’s parents -had been so hurt when they lost Summer. Jenny hated to think of her parents hurt that way. And Tom †¦ what would happen to Tom? Maybe Julian would let him go. No point in keeping him after Jenny was gone. But that didn’t seem likely. Julian was a Shadow Man, he belonged to a race that didn’t have gentle emotions. They weren’t capable of pity. Julian might take out his anger on Tom instead. Please, no, Jenny thought†¦ but it didn’t seem to matter that much anymore. Even her sadness was fading now-breaking up and floating away. She was dead, and she couldn’t change anything. Strange, though, that a dead person could suddenly feel pain-physical pain. A burning. The frigid water had stopped hurting a long time ago, and since then she’d had no sense of her own body. Trapped in absolute darkness and utter silence, too numb to feel any sensation, she didn’t seem to have a body. She was just a drifting collection of thoughts. But now-this burning had started. At first it seemed very distant and easy to ignore. But it didn’t stop. It got worse. She felt heat: a tingling, prickling heat that demanded her attention. And with the heat she began to have a body again. Hands. She could feel her hands now. And feet, she had feet. She had a face, defined by thousands of tiny red-hot needles. And she was aware of a vague, fuzzy glow. Open your eyes, she told herself. She couldn’t. They were too heavy, and everything hurt so much. She wanted to go back into the darkness where there wasn’t any pain. She willed the light to go away. â€Å"Jenny! Jenny!† Her name, called in tones of love and desperation. Poor Tom, she thought dimly. Tom needed her-and he must be frantic with worry. She should go to Tom. But it hurt. â€Å"Jenny. Please, Jenny, come back-â€Å" Oh, no. No, don’t cry. It’ll be all right. There was only one way to make it all right, and that was to come back. Forget how much it hurt. All right, do it, then. Jenny concentrated on the fuzzy glow, trying to make it come closer. Pulling herself toward it. The pain was terrible-her lungs hurt. But if she had lungs, she could breathe. Breathe, girl! It hurt like hell, and darkness sucked at her, trying to drag her down again. ‘ â€Å"That’s it, Jenny. Keep fighting Oh, Jenny †¦Ã¢â‚¬  With a tremendous effort she opened her eyes. Golden light dazzled her. Someone was rubbing her hands. I did it for you, Tom. But it wasn’t Tom. It was Julian. Julian was the one rubbing her hands, calling out to her. Golden light danced on his hair, his face. It was a fire, Jenny realized slowly, and she was in another cavern, slightly bigger than the last. She was dry, somehow, and lying in a sort of nest of white fur, very soft, very comfortable. The heat of the fire was bringing her back to life. The pain wasn’t so bad now, although there was still an unyielding knot of ice in her middle. And she felt weak-too weak and exhausted to think properly. It was Julian, not Tom-but she couldn’t really take that in. It didn’t even look like Julian †¦ because Jenny had never seen Julian look afraid. But now the blue eyes were dark with fear and as wide as a child’s-the pupils huge and dilated with emotion. Julian’s face, which had always seemed molded for arrogance and mockery, was white even in the firelight-and thinner somehow, as if the skin were drawn tight over bones. As for the dangerously beautiful smile that usually curved Julian’s lips †¦ there wasn’t a trace of it. Strangest of all, Julian seemed to be shaking. The hands that held Jenny’s had stopped their rubbing, but a fine, continuous tremor ran through them. And Jenny could see how quickly he was breathing by the way his chest rose and fell. â€Å"I thought you were dead,† he said in a muted voice. So did I. Jenny tried to say it, but only got as far as a hitching breath. â€Å"Here. Drink this, it should help.† And the next moment he was supporting her head, holding a steaming cup to her lips. The liquid was hot and sweet, and it sent warmth coursing into the cold, hard knot inside her, loosening it and chasing away the last of the pain. Jenny felt herself relaxing, lying still to absorb the fire’s heat. A feeling of well-being crept through her as Julian laid her back down. Gently. Julian was being gentle †¦ but Julian was never gentle. He belonged to a race that didn’t have gentle emotions. They didn’t feel tenderness, weren’t capable of pity. She probably shouldn’t even accept help from him-but he looked so haunted, like someone who had been through a terrible fright. â€Å"I thought I’d lost you,† he said. â€Å"Then you didn’t send the water?† He just looked at her. It didn’t seem to be the time for recriminations. Oh, she probably ought to say something-maybe list the kind of things he’d done to her in the past. He’d hunted her in every way imaginable. But here, now, in this little cavern surrounded by rock, with no one present but the two of them, and no sound but the soft roar and crackle of the fire †¦ all that seemed very far away. Part of a past life. Julian didn’t seem like a Shadow Man, didn’t seem like a hunter. After all, if he were a predator, he had his quarry right here, exhausted and helpless. He’d never have a better chance. If he wanted her, she wouldn’t even be able to put up a fight. Instead, he was looking at her with those queer dazed eyes, still black with emotion. â€Å"You would have cared if I died,† she said slowly. The eyes searched hers a moment, then looked away. â€Å"You really don’t know, do you?† he said in an odd voice. Jenny said nothing. She pulled herself up a little in the white nest, so she was sitting. â€Å"I’ve told you how I feel about you.† â€Å"Yes. But †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Julian had always said that he was in love with her-but Jenny had never sensed much tenderness in the emotion. She might have said this, but for some reason it seemed-inappropriate-to say it to someone who looked so lost. Like a child waiting for a blow. â€Å"But I’ve never understood why.† â€Å"Haven’t you.† It wasn’t even a question. â€Å"We’re so different.† Madness to be talking about this. But they were both looking at each other, now, quietly, as they had never sat and looked before. Eyes unwavering-but without challenge. It meant something to look into someone’s eyes this long, Jenny thought. She shouldn’t be doing it. But of course she had wondered, she had wondered from the beginning what he could possibly see in her. How he could want her-so much. Enough to watch over her since she was five years old, to pierce the veil between the worlds to come after her, to hunt her and stalk her as if he thought about nothing else. â€Å"Why, Julian?† she said softly. â€Å"Would you like a list?† His face was completely blank, his voice clipped and emotionless. â€Å"A-what?† â€Å"Hair like liquid amber, eyes green as the Nile,† he said, seeming utterly dispassionate about it. He could have been reading a page of homework assignments. â€Å"But it’s not the color, really, it’s the expression. The way they go so deep and soft when you’re thinking.† Jenny opened her mouth, but he was going on. â€Å"Skin that glows, especially when you’re excited. A golden sheen all over you.† â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"But there are lots of beautiful girls. Of course. You’re different. There’s something inside you that makes you different, a certain kind of spirit. You’re -innocent. Sweet, even after everything that’s been thrown at you. Gentle, but with a spirit like flame.† â€Å"I’m not,† Jenny said, almost frightened. â€Å"Audrey sometimes says I’m too simple – â€Å" â€Å"Simple as light and air-things people take for granted but that they’d die without. People really should think more about that.† Jenny did feel frightened now. This new Julian was dangerous-made her feel weak and dizzy. â€Å"When I first saw you, you were like a flood of sunshine. All the others wanted to kill you. They thought I was crazy. They laughed†¦ .† He means the other Shadow Men, Jenny thought. â€Å"But I knew, and I watched you. You grew up and got more beautiful. You were so different from anything in my world. The others just watched, but I wanted you. Not to kill or to use up the way-the way they do with humans sometimes here. I needed you.† There was something in his voice now besides clinical dispassion. It was-hunger, Jenny thought, but not the cold, malicious hunger she’d seen in the ancient eyes and the whispering voices of the other Shadow Men. It was as if Julian was hungry for something he’d never had, filled with a crippling need even he didn’t understand. â€Å"I couldn’t see anything else, couldn’t hear anything else. All I could think about was you. I wouldn’t let anyone else hurt you, ever. I knew I had to have you, no matter what happened. They said I was crazy with love.† He had gotten up and walked away to the edge of the firelight. As he stood there, Jenny seemed to see him for the first time, looking at him with new eyes. And he looked-small. Small and almost vulnerable. Nothing in the universe was moving except her heart, and that was shaking her body. She had never thought about what the other Shadow Men might say to Julian. She knew he was the youngest of a very old race, but she’d never thought about his life at all, or his point of view. She hadn’t thought about him having a point of view. â€Å"What’s it like, being-† She hesitated. â€Å"Being a Shadow Man? Watching from the dark places everything happening on the worlds that aren’t full of shadows? Earth has colors, you know, that you never find here.† â€Å"But-you can make anything you want. You can create it.† â€Å"It’s not the same. Things fade here. They don’t last.† â€Å"But why do you stay here, then? Instead of just watching us, you could-† Jenny stopped again. God, what was she saying? Inviting the Shadow Men to her own world? She took a deep breath. â€Å"If you could change-â€Å" â€Å"I can’t change what I am. None of us can. The rest of the nine worlds keep us out; they say our nature is destructive. We’re not welcome anywhere-but we’ll always be near Earth, watching. From the shadows.† There was something in his voice-too quiet and closed-off for bitterness. A-remoteness that was bleak beyond words. â€Å"Forever,† he finished. â€Å"Forever? You never die?† â€Å"Something that isn’t born can’t die. We have a-beginning, of course. Our names carved on a runestave, a special runestave.† He said, almost mockingly, â€Å"The stave of life.† There had been something about staves in her grandfather’s journal. A picture scrawled in ink, showing a sort of tall, flat branch with runes on it. â€Å"Carve our names on the stave-and we come into existence,† Julian said. â€Å"Cut them out-and we disappear.† It seemed very heartless to Jenny. Cold-but then the Shadow Men were cold. Not flesh and blood, but creatures that came into being through a carving in wood or stone. How cold to be a Shadow Man, she thought. And how sad. Condemned by your own destructiveness to be what you were forever. Julian was still standing at the edge of the firelight, face half in shadow, gazing at the darkness beyond. It gave Jenny a queer hollow feeling. What would it have been like, she wondered suddenly, if he hadn’t tried to force her? From the beginning Julian had used force and trickery. He’d lured her into the More Games store and enticed her into buying the Game, knowing that when she put the paper house together it would suck her into the Shadow World. He’d kidnapped her. And then he’d appeared and bullied her: forced her to play his own demonic game to try and win her freedom. He’d threatened her, hurt her friends-killed Summer. He’d done everything to try and wring submission out of her. â€Å"Couldn’t you just have come and asked?† she murmured. She’d said the same thing to him in the tower of the paper house. Didn’t that ever occur to you? That you could just appear at my front door, no games, no threats, and just ask me? But in the tower the words had been part of a ruse to get free, and she hadn’t really thought about them herself. Now she did. What if Julian had come to her, appearing some night out of the shadows while she was walking home, say, and told her that he loved her? What would she have done? She would have been afraid. Yes. But after the fear? If Julian had come, offering gifts, gentle, looking as vulnerable as he did now? If she had accepted his gifts †¦ It was a strange future, too strange to visualize, really, but queerly thrilling. It was too foreign to imagine: herself as a sort of princess with a prince of darkness as consort. For just an instant Jenny got a rushing, heady glimpse; for a fraction of a second she could picture it. Herself, wearing black silk and sable, sitting on a black marble throne in a big stone hall where it was always twilight. Growing paler and colder, maybe, as she forgot about the ordinary world she’d left behind -but happy, maybe, in her power and position. Would she have little Shadow World creatures to order around and look after? Servants? Would she be able to control the elements here the way Julian did? Or maybe not a black gown-maybe white, with little icicles all over it, like Hans Christian Andersen’s Snow Queen. And jewels like frost-flowers, around her neck and a blue-eyed white tiger crouching at her feet. What would Dee and Audrey think if they saw her like that? They might be afraid at first-but she’d serve them strange drinks, like the sweet, hot stuff in the mug, and after a while they’d get used to it. Audrey would envy the pretty things, and Dee would envy the power. What else? Julian had said she could have anything-anything. If she could have anything in the world she wanted, with no limits, no restrictions on her imagination-if she could have anything †¦ I’d want Tom. She’d forgotten him for a moment, because the picture of the big stone hall was so alien. Tom’s warmth and strength and lazy smile didn’t fit there at all-which of course made sense because Julian would never let him in. But any world without Tom was a world Jenny didn’t want. The vision of the white gown and the jewels disappeared, and she knew somehow that it would never come back, not the way it had for that one moment, when she could feel it and believe in it. She would never forget it, but she would never be able to recapture it, either. Just as well, she thought unsteadily. She didn’t want to think about this anymore; in fact, she thought it was high time that she got out of here. She was tingling all over with a sense of danger. â€Å"I’m warm now,† she said, pushing the white fur away. All she could think of was that she had to leave. She should thank him, maybe, for saving her life – although it wouldn’t have been in danger in the first place if not for him. He was looking at her. Jenny looked away, concentrated on getting her legs under her. When she stood, they were wobbly. She tried to step out of the white nest, and stumbled. He was there in an instant. She felt his warm hands close around her arms, steadying her. She stared at his chest, bare under the leather vest and lifting quickly with his breathing. The firelight touched everything with gold. She didn’t want to look up into his face, but somehow it happened anyway. His eyes were still hugely dilated, the blue mere circles around pupils dark and bottomless as midnight. His pupils always sprang open for her, she realized, but just now there was something haunting about those lonely depths. â€Å"I’m sorry,† she whispered, hardly knowing what she meant. â€Å"I have to* leave now. I’m sorry.† â€Å"I know.† In that instant he seemed to understand better than she did herself. He looked very young, and very tired, and heavy with some knowledge she didn’t share. Face still solemn, he leaned in slightly. Jenny shut her eyes. It was different from any kiss they’d ever had. Not because it was softer-Julian’s kisses were usually soft, at the beginning anyway. Not even because it was so slow-Julian’s kisses were almost always slow. But it was different, in a way that sent Jenny’s mind spinning into confusion. Feeling †¦ that was it. Not just sensation, but emotion. Emotion so strong that it left her shaking. It was such an innocent kiss, so-chaste. His warm mouth touching hers. His lips trembling against hers. How could something that simple move her so much? Because she could sense his feelings, she realized. When she touched his lips, she could feel his pain, the almost unendurable pain of someone whose heart was breaking with sadness. What she tasted on those warm, soft lips was unbearable loss. If he’d been dying, or she had, she would have been able to understand such a kiss. He’s suffering like that-from losing me? Jenny had never been particularly modest, but she could hardly believe it. She might have rejected the idea outright-except for what she was feeling herself. What she felt †¦ was a shattering inside. When he stepped back, Jenny was in something like a trance. She stood there, eyes shut, still feeling everything, unable to move. Tears welled up around her lashes. But Tom. The time in sixth grade when he’d broken his leg and sat in a tide pool, white but still wisecracking, holding on to Jenny’s hand, not letting anybody else see how bad the pain was. All the many times he’d held Jenny for her sake, when she got scared at movies, or when she cried over the stray animals she took in. He’d stayed up all night when she thought Cosette, the kitten she’d rescued-from a vacant lot, was dying. He had been part of her life since she was seven years old. He was a part of her. And Julian had hurt him. Julian had blown his chance right at the very beginning, when he’d done that. Jenny opened her eyes, the trance broken. She stepped back, and saw Julian’s face change. As if he knew exactly what she was thinking. â€Å"Tom needs me,† she said. Julian smiled then, grimly, in a way that chased the cobwebs out of Jenny’s brain. The lost, haunted look was gone, as if it had never existed. â€Å"Oh, yes. Tommy needs you like air. But I need you like-â€Å" â€Å"What?† Jenny said when it was clear he wasn’t going on. â€Å"Like light,† Julian said, with the same bitter smile. â€Å"You’re light, all right-like a flame to a moth. I told you once that you shouldn’t mess with forbidden things-I should have taken my own advice.† â€Å"Light shouldn’t be forbidden,† Jenny said. â€Å"It is to me. It’s deadly to a Shadow Man. Light kills shadows, don’t you know? And of course the other way around.† He seemed to find this amusing. He’d done one of his quicksilver mood changes, and looking at his face now, Jenny almost wondered if the last half hour had been a dream. â€Å"Don’t think that just because I pulled you out of the water, the Game is over,† he added. â€Å"You need three gold coins to get to your precious Tommy. And time’s tick, tick, ticking. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’ve got one, remember. I-† Jenny broke off with an inarticulate noise, feeling in her jeans pocket. The Swiss Army knife was still there, but the gold doubloon he’d tossed her in the cavern was gone. â€Å"But I had it. It must have fallen out-â€Å" â€Å"Sorry. Only one turn to a customer. No replays. Do not pass Go, do not collect two hundred dollars.† â€Å"You-† Jenny broke off again. Her anger drained, but she felt something inside herself harden, ice over. All right, then. She must have been crazy, feeling sorry for Julian-Julian!-but now she knew better. They were opponents, as always, playing against each other in a Game that was as cutthroat and pitiless as Julian himself. â€Å"I’ll get the coins-if you give me the chance. I can’t do much in here,† she said. â€Å"True. Exit doors are to the left. Please watch your step and keep moving. We hope you’ve enjoyed the ride.† Jenny turned and saw a rectangle of dim light. It hadn’t been there before. She took a breath and started toward it, careful to walk straight. She didn’t mean to look back. But as she got close to the door, close enough to see that it looked like an ordinary double door, like the kind that led out of Space Mountain at Disneyland, she threw a quick glance over her shoulder. He was standing where she’d left him, a black silhouette in front of the fire. She couldn’t tell anything by his posture. She turned away and stepped through the door, blinking. She could see tiny distant lights, lots of them, sparkling and wheeling in a dazzling display. â€Å"What-?† she whispered. Something grabbed her. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Kill Chapter 7, Essay examples

Incorporating Complexity Science Theory †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss abouty the Incorporating Complexity Science Theory. Answer: Introduction: Health is one of the central theories of the nursing practise. However, the concept of health is complex and encompasses multiple dimensions (Alslman et al., 2015). According to World Health Organisation, health is a complex state of mental, physical and social wellbeing of a person and is not solely inclined towards the presence or absence of the disease. Nursing professionals consider health as cumulative effect of subjective experience and defined health as a multifaceted concept that includes mental health, physical health and spiritual dimension. According to epistemological concept, health is defines as a condition related to absence of disease. Under this approach, the concept of nursing is directed towards the biomedical adaptation of the patient including biological, psychological and sociocultural domain. It also emphasize on goal directed behaviour of the individual along with productive living. As the logical concept, there is a close consideration between the health and well-being so the nursing approach will not only be directed towards the physical well-being but will also be directed towards the mental well-being (Alslman et al., 2015). Under the pragmatic approach, the spiritual background of a patient is also taken into consideration for the overall improvement of the mental and physical health. According to the lingustical approach, health in nursing discipline must be oriented in a manner that is in sync with the philosophical presuppositions. Apart from this there are several nursing definitions of health (Alslman et al., 2015). Health at times is defined as movement of personality in the forward direction via interpersonal activities, promoting constructive living (Henderson, 1966). Orem (1971, 1980, 1995) has defined health in a nursing care as wholeness of mental and body functioning. Health at times is defined as a reflected level of well-being of life (Neuman, 1989). Proper definition of health helps in optimised nursing diagnosis prov iding proper nursing intervention (Lyon, 2012). Under ontological schools of thought, nursing is defined as an inherent process that is solely directed towards the wellbeing of the humans, manifested via the intregration and complexity of the human systems. The four major schools of ontological school of thoughts are Critical Theory, Post-positivism, Complexity/Relationality, and Human Science. Critical theory or social critical theory represents a school of thought that vouch for reflective assessment and stringent critique of the culture and the society via implementing the education derived from social science and humanities. This critical theory was first discussed by a group of researchers in Institute of Social Research in Frankfurt, Germany. This critical theory has emerged as an important research orientation in the domain of nursing care. It bestows the nursing profession with some board and new questions and also offers an extended knowledge on nursing care. Critical theory assists advancement in nursing understanding in everyday practice. It also helps in the identification of some critical problem associated with the nursing research, provide basis of carrying out actions for the overall improvement of the well-being of human, and provide logic behind transforming the stereotype and helps in the establishment of the new nursing care techniques that aims to withd raw the reinforcement over inequality (Mill, Allen Morrow, 2016). Positivism and Postpositivism In the models of scientific inquiry and philosophy, post positivism also known as postempiricism is a kind of metatheoretical instance that amends or criticizes the concept of positivism. The theory of positivism states that the researched person upon which the research has been conducted are independent to each other. Postpositive does not considers these two entities to be separate and propose that there lies a fine thread of connection between them. According to post positivism, the background, knowledge and the values of the researcher modulates the results or have a strong influence over the researcher person. Positivist claims that they are aware of the reality and tries to discover the universal truth under the influence of the correspondence model via recognizing the futileness of gaining definite understanding of reality. Post positivism does not abide by this concept. However, just like the concept of positivism, post positivism theory recognises the possible effect of bias es. It gives emphasis to stress, coping, adaptation, prevention, intervention. In spite of the openness of the post positivism theory, it is often argued that post positivism carries some of the weakness of the positivism theory (Clark, 1998). Human beings live in a relation with complex human communities and other broader systems and the healthcare professionals are gradually becoming aware of this concept. Through a process of mutual influence, the complex human beings and their systems are evolving via following a nonlinear path. The standardise approach in the field of management of chronic disease fail to address these non-linear linkage. Such traditional approaches also overlook the meaning and changes that have a huge impact on the day to day life human beings along with the caring for the family. Nurses come from a place of complexity. Under this aura of complexity, they need to understand lived experience like fear, hope, violence and sufferings. Moreover, the majority of the nurses who work with in communities gain a deep understanding of these complexities and ambiguities. Following the basis of complexity of the relation, the role of the registered nurse is to address these complexities and ambiguities of the p atients who are suffering from chronic illness in order to deliver patient-centred care and support, which are unique in response to the context of the person. The complexity of thinking and relational inquiry helps the Registered nurse to deliver innovation in the domain of creative care within the groups or communities and thereby shaping the health and the nature of living (James, 2010). Human Science/Caring This domain of ontology under the school of nursing is based on certain core principles like nursing practise with a caring and kind attitude, appropriate cultivation of the patients spiritual thoughts towards the path of the wholeness of the spirit, body or mind and being open to the miracles or openness towards the inexplicable and unexpected events of life (Mitchell Cody, 1992). It aims to preach the nursing profession based on the domain of moral, ethics and philosophical foundation of cultural values. According to Jean Watson, nurses must go beyond their ego and spiritual belief while serving a patient and this falls under the banner of transpersonal caring relationship. Jean Watson also put emphasis on the heart-centred interaction with another person; encourages multiple wings to increasing knowledge and consciousness and presence to the humanism of self (Sitzman Watson 2013). Human sciences provides important framework in the domain of nursing research management, practice and proper development of knowledge. Human Science also involves proper understanding and study of the human begins. The phenomenological perspective of human science holds paramount importance in the domain of nursing research. It enables the nurses to understand the individuals insights into via citing their experiences in relation to well-being and healthy life. According to Heidegger (1962), the actual meaning of being can be comprehended via understanding the reason for human existence. He also focused on human experience to develop unique human science theory on nursing practise. For example, if a patient is complaining about pain, aHeideggerian-influenced nurse would critically consider the actual reason residing behind the experience of pain. She would not merely accept the level of pain described by the patient. The nursing concept based on the human science emphasises proper u nderstanding of the patient context behind symptom or disease manifestation (Pratt, 2012). As per my knowledge, the mainstream nursing knowledge is dominated by post-positivist view. This is a kind of paradigm that promotes the application of objective knowledge without giving any importance to the human experiences, in the domain of nursing knowledge development (Pratt, 2012). While on the other hand, human science promotes proper development of the nursing knowledge via taking the patient experience into consideration and amalgamating that experience with the theory of human physiology. The Complexity/Relationality promotes goodness of health via defining nursing approach under the banner of openness, energy field, pattern, pan dimensionality, knowing participation, time, space and movement. Critical theory assists advancement in nursing understanding delivering proper social justice, prevention of gender-based violence and intersectionality (James, 2010). References Alslman, E. T., Ahmad, M. M., Bani Hani, M. A., Atiyeh, H. M. (2015). Health: A Developing Concept in Nursing.International journal of nursing knowledge,28(2), 64-69. Clark, A. M. (1998). The qualitative?quantitative debate: moving from positivism and confrontation to post?positivism and reconciliation management.Journal of advanced nursing,vol. 27(6), pp. 1242-1249. James, K. (2010). Incorporating Complexity Science Theory into Nursing Curricula. Creative Nursing, 16(3), 137-142 6p. https://ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=105118352site=ehost-live Lyon, B. L. (2012a). Nursing-focused conceptualizations of health. In V. H. Rice (Ed.), Handbook of stress, coping, and health: Implications for nursing research, theory, and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Mill, J. E., Allen, M. N., Morrow, R. A. (2016). Critical theory: Critical methodology to disciplinary foundations in nursing.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,vol. 33(2). Mitchell, G. J., Cody, W. K. (1992). Nursing knowledge and human science: Ontological and epistemological considerations.Nursing Science Quarterly,5(2), 54-61. Pratt, M. (2012). The utility of human sciences in nursing inquiry.Nurse researcher,vol. 19(3), pp. 12-15. Sitzman, K., Watson, J. (2013).Caring science, mindful practice: Implementing Watson's human caring theory. Springer Publishing Company.